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The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| Improved Astrometry and Photometry for the Luyten Catalog. II. Faint Stars and the Revised Catalog
We complete construction of a catalog containing improved astrometry andnew optical/infrared photometry for the vast majority of NLTT starslying in the overlap of regions covered by POSS I and by the secondincremental Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) release, approximately 44%of the sky. The epoch 2000 positions are typically accurate to 130 mas,the proper motions to 5.5 mas yr-1, and the V-J colors to0.25 mag. Relative proper motions of binary components are measured to 3mas yr-1. The false-identification rate is ~1% for11<~V<~18 and substantially less at brighter magnitudes. Theseimprovements permit the construction of a reduced proper-motion diagramthat, for the first time, allows one to classify NLTT stars intomain-sequence (MS) stars, subdwarfs (SDs), and white dwarfs (WDs). We inturn use this diagram to analyze the properties of both our catalog andthe NLTT catalog on which it is based. In sharp contrast to popularbelief, we find that NLTT incompleteness in the plane is almostcompletely concentrated in MS stars, and that SDs and WDs are detectedalmost uniformly over the sky δ>-33deg. Our catalogwill therefore provide a powerful tool to probe these populationsstatistically, as well as to reliably identify individual SDs and WDs.
| Photoelectric Vilnius Photometry of Hipparcos Turn-Off Region Stars
Seven-color photometry in the Vilnius system and photometricclassification in terms of spectral type, absolute magnitude andmetallicity are presented for 145 Hipparcos stars of the turn-offregion, most of which have parallaxes determined to an accuracy of atleast 15%. The stars selected for the observing program included thoseidentified kinematically as intermediate between the thin disk and halo,plus a number of weak-lined stars discovered previously from objectiveprism surveys. The metallicity distribution we find for a kinematicallydefined sample of possible members of the thick disk has a meanabundance [Fe/H]= --0.3 dex and a dispersion of 0.3 dex. Our data seemto suggest a large age for this intermediate population.
| Correlation of the HIPPARCOS and Allegheny Observatory Parallax Catalogs
No significant difference is found between the systems of the Hipparcosand Allegheny Observatory MAP parallax catalogs. The correlation of theparallaxes of 63 stars common to both programs is 0.9995 +/- 0.0001,with an average standard deviation of the difference of 0.0023". Whilethere is no indication of systematic difference in the two programs, ourstudy suggests that the formal errors in one or both catalogs aresomewhat underestimated.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| The integrated spectra of M32 and of 47 Tuc: A comparative study at high spectral resolution
Integrated spectra have been obtained for the elliptical galaxy M32 andfor the 'metal-rich' Galactic globular cluster 47 Tuc. The spectra coverthe wavelength interval lambda lambda 3800-4400 A at a resolution of 2.5A full width at half maximum (FWHM) and S/N ratio of approximately100:1. Similar data have been acquired for a library of 191 individualstars, and, to support the 47 Tuc observations, integrated spectra offour additional metal-rich Galactic globular clusters have beenobtained. These observations are used to compare in detail theintegrated spectra of M32 (the most extensively studied ellipticalgalaxy) and 47 Tuc (the best-studied metal-rich Galactic globularcluster). Although M32 and 47 Tuc have similar optical broadband colorsand overall spectral types, when viewed at 2.5 A resolution spectranumerous subtle differences between their integrated are clearlyvisible. A system of 13 spectral indices, many of them originallydefined in Rose (1984), has been used to quantify these differences.Altogether twelve diagnostic diagrams are presented to illustrate themanner in which the integrated spectrum of M32 differs from that of 47Tuc. These diagrams are used to place several strong constraints on thestellar populations in these two systems.
| Stroemgren photometry of F- and G-type stars brighter than V = 9.6. I. UVBY photometry
Within the framework of a large photometric observing program, designedto investigate the Galaxy's structure and evolution, Hβ photometryis being made for about 9000 stars. As a by-product, supplementary uvbyphotometry has been made. The results are presented in a cataloguecontaining 6924 uvby observations of 6190 stars, all south ofδ=+38deg. The overall internal rms errors of one observation(transformed to the standard system) of a program star in the interval6.5
| Multichannel astrometric photometer parallax studies in the regions of Groombridge 1618, Zeta Bootis, and Sigma Draconis
Improved trigonometric parallaxes are reported for stars in the regionsof Groombridge 1618, Zeta Bootis, and Sigma Draconis which differ fromgenerally accepted parallaxes by two to five standard deviations. Theweighted mean parallax of Groombridge 1618 becomes 0.2079 +/- 0.0013arcsec, indicating a distance modulus of -1.59 +/- 0.014 and yielding anabsolute magnitude of this K7 V star of 8.20 +/- 0.017. The parallaxdetermined for the visual binary Zeta Bootis is 0.0202 +/- 0.0010 arcsecand implies an average absolute visual magnitude of 1.067 +/- 0.12 forthe spectroscopically similar components. The weighted mean parallax ofSigma Draconis becomes 0.1747 +/- 0.0010 arcsec, indicating a distancemodulus of -1.210 +/- 0.012 and yielding an absolute visual magnitude of5.90 +/- 0.012 for this K0 V star. The absolute visual magnitudes of thehigh velocity star Roman 336 and of the subdwarf star AO 1187 are foundto be + 4.0 +/- 0.13 and + 5.9 +/- 0.17, respectively.
| Halo common proper motion stars - Subdwarf distance scale, halo binary fraction, and UBVRI colors
Common proper motion stars identified by Luyten (1979, 1980) wereselected according to reduced proper motion and photometric criteria toproduce a list of candidate halo objects. UBVRI photometry was obtainedto identify genuine halo parts. About 20 percent of the stars with(Fe/H) less than -1.0 were found to have random errors not less thanseveral x 0.1 mag in distance modulus, in addition to the photometricerrors, thought to be due to the existence of close binary companions tosome of the common proper motion stars. The implications of these errorsfor kinematic studies of field Population II stars are considered.Systematic errors of order 16 percent were also detected in distancesderived from the U-B,B-V deblanketing technique. It is suggested thatPopulation II field stars did not originate in globular clusters whichsubsequently disintegrated but formed in less dense environments.Several K subdwarfs were found with very high UV excesses, comparablewith those predicted by some synthetic colors.
| Photometry of astrometric reference stars
UBVRI, DDO, and uvby, H-beta photometry of astrometric reference starsis presented. Spectral types and luminosity classifications made fromthe colors are used to determine their spectroscopic parallaxes. In thispaper, colors for 309 stars in 25 regions are given, and classificationsfor 210 stars have been made. These stars form reference frames in theAllegheny Observatory Multichannel Astrometric Photometer astrometricprogram, and in the Praesepe cluster reduced by Russell (1976). It isfound that the present photometric spectral types are reliable to within2.5 spectral subclasses.
| Early type high-velocity stars in the solar neighborhood. IV - Four-color and H-beta photometry
Results are presented from photometric obaservations in the Stromgrenuvby four-color and H-beta systems of early-type high-velocity stars inthe solar neighborhood. Several types of photometrically peculiar starsare selected on the basis of their Stromgren indices and areprovisionally identified as peculiar A stars, field horizontal-branchstars, metal-poor stars near the Population II and old-disk turnoffs,metal-poor blue stragglers, or metallic-line A stars. Numerousphotometrically normal stars were also found.
| The vertical structure of our galaxy. I - Methods of quantitative objective prism spectroscopy
The methods employed to determine the spectral types and log g and Fe/Hvalues for Galactic F-K stars in the vertical-structure investigation ofRose and Agustinho (1991) are described in detail. IIaO objective-prismplates obtained with the Curtis Schmidt telescope at CTIO using a 10-degprism and a 135-A FWHM interference filter centered at 408 nm aredigitized, and three spectral indices defined by Rose (1984) aremeasured and used to calculate the desired parameters. Results fromtests of the accuracy of this method are presented, and it is shown thatreliable separation of G dwarfs from G giants/subgiants is possible downto B = 13.
| A digitized version of the NLTT Catalogue of proper motions
An optically scanning data-entry machine and various manual techniquesare used to digitize the NLTT Catalogue and the first supplement to theNLTT Catalogue. Included in the catalog are stars found on over 800Palomar proper-motion survey plates to have relative annual propermotions exceeding 0.18 arcsec. The supplement contains data for 398stars having motions larger than 0.179 arcsec annually.
| Metal-abundance determinations from near-UV spectra - Application to the mean metal abundance of M32
Near-UV spectra for the nucleus of the elliptical galaxy M32 and for 60field stars have been obtained which cover the wavelength interval3200-3900 A at a resolution of 2.5 A FWHM. A depression in thepseudocontinuum shortward of 3504 A is found to be quite sensitive tometal abundance. The results indicate that the luminosity-weighted meanmetal Fe/H abundance ratio for M32 at 3500 A is about -0.1, and that thegiant branch contributes slightly less than 30 percent of the light at4000 A. The luminosity-weighted N/Fe abundance ratio is shown to beapproximately equal to that of solar neighborhood stars.
| Red horizontal-branch stars in the galactic disk
A quantitative, three-dimensional spectral classification systemdeveloped by Rose (1984), which uses 2.5-A resolution spectra in theblue, has been used to identify a class of red horizontal branch (RHB)stars in the Galactic disk that are similar to those in the 'metal rich'globular cluster M 71. The RHB are denoted as evolved stars by their SrII 4077 line, and are distinguished from post-main sequence starsevolving through the same region of the HR diagram on the basis of theunique appearance of their CN 3883 and 4216 A bands. The RHB starsconsitute at least 5 percent of the entire giant branch population ofthe disk.
| Spectral anomalies in the Hyades and Pleiades and in field stars with active chromospheres
Widened photographic image-tube spectra at 50 A/mm dispersion have beenobtained for a large number of late-type field dwarfs and giants withwell-determined atmospheric parameters and for 35 Hyades dwarfs and 31Pleiades dwarfs. The observations and data analysis are discussed, and asummary of the quantitative spectral classification system is given.This system is used to compare the Hyades and Pleiades with field stars.The cluster stars are found to exhibit several anomalies with respect tothe field stars which are not readily explained either by abundance orsurface gravity peculiarities, or by the presence of cool starspots onthe strong Ca II emission stars, or by cool companions. It is proposedthat active regions on stars with strong Ca II emission reversals haveseriously affected many of the principal spectral lines.
| A calibration of the gnkmfu system for dwarf stars
Calibrations to R-I and Fe/H abundance have been established for Gdwarfs in the gnkmfu narrow band system. The accuracy obtained for R-Iand Fe/H is + or - 0.02 and + or - 0.15, respectively. Also, a measureof internal consistency between the narrow band indices, Res (k), hasbeen derived. A catalogue of Res (k), R-I and Fe/H, derived from thephotoelectric indices, is given for 253 G dwarfs.
| Early-type high-velocity stars in the solar neighborhood. I - List of candidates
Suspected nearby high-velocity stars of spectral types B and A areidentified by their proper motions, which are generally too small forthe stars to have been included in previous catalogs of high-velocitystars. The same selection process is then extended to spectral type Fstars, in order to both provide a companion sample and investigatewhether the hypothetical high-velocity, metal-rich population continuesto later spectral types. Of the presented list of 371 stars withconfirmed proper motions, 168 are of A and B spectral types. Photometricand spectroscopic observations of these stars are required to eliminatethose with misclassified spectra and convert proper motions into spacevelocities. The identification of type of stars is important forunderstanding apparent exceptions to the correlation between stellarages, metal abundances, and kinematic properties.
| A Catalogue of High-Velocity Stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1955ApJS....2..195R&db_key=AST
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