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The Projected Rotational Velocity Distribution of a Sample of OB stars from a Calibration Based on Synthetic He I Lines
We derive projected rotational velocities (v sin i) for a sample of 156Galactic OB star members of 35 clusters, H II regions, and associations.The He I lines at 4026, 4388, and 4471 Å were analyzed in order todefine a calibration of the synthetic He I full widths at half-maximum(FWHMs) versus stellar v sin i. A grid of synthetic spectra of He I lineprofiles was calculated in non-LTE using an extensive helium model atomand updated atomic data. The v sin i values for all stars were derivedusing the He I FWHM calibrations, but also, for those target stars withrelatively sharp lines, v sin i values were obtained from best-fitsynthetic spectra of up to 40 lines of C II, N II, O II, Al III, Mg II,Si III, and S III. This calibration is a useful and efficient tool forestimating the projected rotational velocities of O9-B5 main-sequencestars. The distribution of v sin i for an unbiased sample of early Bstars in the unbound association Cep OB2 is consistent with thedistribution reported elsewhere for other unbound associations.
| An Analysis of the Shapes of Interstellar Extinction Curves. V. The IR-through-UV Curve Morphology
We study the IR-through-UV interstellar extinction curves towards 328Galactic B and late-O stars. We use a new technique which employsstellar atmosphere models in lieu of unreddened "standard" stars. Thistechnique is capable of virtually eliminating spectral mismatch errorsin the curves. It also allows a quantitative assessment of the errorsand enables a rigorous testing of the significance of relationshipsbetween various curve parameters, regardless of whether theiruncertainties are correlated. Analysis of the curves gives the followingresults: (1) In accord with our previous findings, the central positionof the 2175 A extinction bump is mildly variable, its width is highlyvariable, and the two variations are unrelated. (2) Strong correlationsare found among some extinction properties within the UV region, andwithin the IR region. (3) With the exception of a few curves withextreme (i.e., large) values of R(V), the UV and IR portions of Galacticextinction curves are not correlated with each other. (4) The largesightline-to-sightline variation seen in our sample implies that anyaverage Galactic extinction curve will always reflect the biases of itsparent sample. (5) The use of an average curve to deredden a spectralenergy distribution (SED) will result in significant errors, and arealistic error budget for the dereddened SED must include the observedvariance of Galactic curves. While the observed largesightline-to-sightline variations, and the lack of correlation among thevarious features of the curves, make it difficult to meaningfullycharacterize average extinction properties, they demonstrate thatextinction curves respond sensitively to local conditions. Thus, eachcurve contains potentially unique information about the grains along itssightline.
| New Estimates of the Solar-Neighborhood Massive Star Birthrate and the Galactic Supernova Rate
The birthrate of stars of masses >=10 Msolar is estimatedfrom a sample of just over 400 O3-B2 dwarfs within 1.5 kpc of the Sunand the result extrapolated to estimate the Galactic supernova ratecontributed by such stars. The solar-neighborhood Galactic-plane massivestar birthrate is estimated at ~176 stars kpc-3Myr-1. On the basis of a model in which the Galactic stellardensity distribution comprises a ``disk+central hole'' like that of thedust infrared emission (as proposed by Drimmel and Spergel), theGalactic supernova rate is estimated at probably not less than ~1 normore than ~2 per century and the number of O3-B2 dwarfs within the solarcircle at ~200,000.
| Small Magellanic Cloud-Type Interstellar Dust in the Milky Way
It is well known that the sight line toward HD 204827 in the clusterTrumpler 37 shows a UV extinction curve that does not follow the averageGalactic extinction relation. However, when a dust component, foregroundto the cluster, is removed, the residual extinction curve is identicalto that found in the SMC within the uncertainties. The curve is verysteep and has little or no 2175 Å bump. The position of HD 204827in the sky is projected onto the edge of the Cepheus IRAS bubble. Inaddition, HD 204827 has an IRAS bow shock, indicating that it may beembedded in dust swept up by the supernova that created the IRAS bubble.Shocks due to the supernova may have led to substantial processing ofthis dust. The HD 204827 cloud is dense and rich in carbon molecules.The 3.4 μm feature indicating a C-H grain mantle is present in thedust toward HD 204827. The environment of the HD 204827 cloud dust maybe similar to the dust associated with HD 62542, which lies on the edgeof a stellar wind bubble and is also dense and rich in molecules. Thissight line may be a Rosetta Stone if its environment can be related tothose in the SMC having similar dust.
| Catalog of Galactic OB Stars
An all-sky catalog of Galactic OB stars has been created by extendingthe Case-Hamburg Galactic plane luminous-stars surveys to include 5500additional objects drawn from the literature. This work brings the totalnumber of known or reasonably suspected OB stars to over 16,000.Companion databases of UBVβ photometry and MK classifications forthese objects include nearly 30,000 and 20,000 entries, respectively.
| The total-to-selective extinction ratio determined from near IR photometry of OB stars
The paper presents an extensive list of the total to selectiveextinction ratios R calculated from the infrared magnitudes of 597 O andB stars using the extrapolation method. The IR magnitudes of these starswere taken from the literature. The IR colour excesses are determinedwith the aid of "artificial standards" - Wegner (1994). The individualand mean values of total to selective extinction ratios R differ in mostcases from the average value R=3.10 +/-0.05 - Wegner (1993) in differentOB associations. The relation between total to selective extinctionratios R determined in this paper and those calculated using the "methodof variable extinction" and the Cardelli et al. (1989) formulae isdiscussed. The R values presented in this paper can be used to determineindividual absolute magnitudes of reddened OB stars with knowntrigonometric parallaxes.
| Chemical Abundances of OB Stars with High Projected Rotational Velocities
Elemental abundances of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum,and silicon are presented for a sample of 12 rapidly rotating OB star(vsini>60kms-1) members of the Cep OB2, Cyg OB3, and CygOB7 associations. The abundances are derived from spectrum synthesis,using both LTE and non-LTE calculations. As found in almost all previousstudies of OB stars, the average abundances are slightly below solar, byabout 0.1 to 0.3 dex. In the case of oxygen, even with the recentlyderived low solar abundances, the OB stars are closer to, but stillbelow, the solar value. Results for the nine Cep OB2 members in thissample can be combined with results published previously for eight CepOB2 stars with low projected rotational velocities to yield the mostcomplete set of abundances, to date, for this particular association.These abundances provide a clear picture of both the general chemicaland individual stellar evolution that has occurred within thisassociation. By placing the Cep OB2 stars studied in an HR-diagram weidentify the presence of two distinct age subgroups, with both subgroupshaving quite uniform chemical abundances. Two stars are found in theolder subgroup that show significant N/O overabundances, with both starsbeing two of the most massive, the most evolved, and the most rapidlyrotating of the members studied in Cep OB2. These characteristics ofincreased N abundances being tied to high mass, rapid rotation, and anevolved phase are those predicted from models of rotating stars thatundergo rotationally driven mixing.
| Absolute proper motions of open clusters. I. Observational data
Mean proper motions and parallaxes of 205 open clusters were determinedfrom their member stars found in the Hipparcos Catalogue. 360 clusterswere searched for possible members, excluding nearby clusters withdistances D < 200 pc. Members were selected using ground basedinformation (photometry, radial velocity, proper motion, distance fromthe cluster centre) and information provided by Hipparcos (propermotion, parallax). Altogether 630 certain and 100 possible members werefound. A comparison of the Hipparcos parallaxes with photometricdistances of open clusters shows good agreement. The Hipparcos dataconfirm or reject the membership of several Cepheids in the studiedclusters. Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at theCDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Catalogue of H-alpha emission stars in the Northern Milky Way
The ``Catalogue of Stars in the Northern Milky Way Having H-alpha inEmission" appears in Abhandlungen aus der Hamburger Sternwarte, Band XIin the year 1997. It contains 4174 stars, range {32degr <= l() II< 214degr , -10degr < b() II < +10degr } having the Hαline in emission. HBH stars and stars of further 99 lists taken from theliterature till the end of 1994 were included in the catalogue. We givethe cross-identification of stars from all lists used. The catalogue isalso available in the Centre de Données, Strasbourg ftp130.79.128.5 or http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr and at the HamburgObservatory via internet.
| UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
| Dust properties in the direction of Trumpler 37.
The fourteen brightest OB stars of the Trumpler 37 Cluster have beenobserved in the V,R,I,J,H,K photometric bands. These have been used toderive accurate measurements of the quantity R_V_=A_V_/E(B-V). Differentfrom previous studies it is found that in Trumpler 37 isclose to the mean interstellar value of 3.1. Most of the reddeningtowards Trumpler 37 is found to be of foreground origin. This isconsistent with the lack of variations, observed by us, of R_V_ with theprojected distance from the center of the cluster. In two highlyreddened stars of the cluster, whose reddening is certainly mostlylocal, the observed R_V_ is lower than the mean interstellar value of3.1. This is to be compared with the behaviour of the Trapezium stars inOrion, whose R_V_ is quite above such value whereas the age of thecluster is similar to the one of Trumpler 37.
| Catalogue of stars in the northern Milky Way having H-alpha in emission
Not Available
| Absolute proper motions of the open clusters M 39 and TR 37
The absolute proper motions of five BD stars in the region of the opencluster M 39 and of 20 BD stars in the region of the open cluster Tr 37are determined with an accuracy of 0.26 arcsec/100 yr. Measurements ofthe proper motions of the open clusters M 39 and Tr 37 are reported.
| Galactic OB associations in the northern Milky Way Galaxy. I - Longitudes 55 deg to 150 deg
The literature on all OB associations was reviewed, and their IRAS pointsource content was studied, between galactic longitude 55 and 150 deg.Only one third of the 24 associations listed by Ruprecht et al. (1981)have been the subject of individual studies designed to identify thebrightest stars. Distances to all of these were recomputed using themethod of cluster fitting of the B main sequence stars, which makes itpoossible to reexamine the absolute magnitude calibration of the Ostars, as well as for the red supergiant candidate stars. Also examinedwas the composite HR diagram for these associations. Associations withthe best defined main sequences, which also tend to contain very youngclusters, referred to here as OB clusters, have extremely few evolved Band A or red supergiants. Associations with poorly defined mainsequences and few OB clusters have many more evolved stars. They alsoshow an effect in the upper HR diagram referred to as a ledge byFitzpatrick and Garmany (1990) in similar data for the Large MagellanicCloud. It is suggested that the differences in the associations are notjust observational selection effects but represent real differences inage and formation history.
| Solar-type stars in Cepheus OB 2 - H-alpha emission stars and IRAS point sources
Results are presented on a second-epoch survey for the H-alpha emissionstars and IRAS point sources in the field of Cepheus OB 2. The colormagnitude and color-color diagrams based on B, V, R, and I magnitudesshow that these stars are most likely the F-G type (with masses between1.5 solar mass and 3 solar masses), partly pre-Main-Sequence members ofCep OB 2; few of these stars might be distant red giants. Young embeddedobjects were found in the dark clouds around the H II region, which wereprobably formed due to the effects of the O-type star on the nearbyclouds.
| The interstellar extinction law towards the open cluster TR-37
Near-infrared photometry of OB stars in the young open cluster TR-37 hasbeen obtained. These data have been combined with previous visual andultraviolet observations of the same sample and a detailed extinctioncurve has been derived, ranging from the near-infrared to thefar-ultraviolet. The extinction towards this sample of stars seems to beanomalous, consistent with a shift in the grain-size distribution withrespect to an average galactic extinction curve.
| Anomalous dust in the open cluster Trumpler 37
New IUE data were obtained towards stars in the open cluster Trumpler37. Extinction curves derived from these data show that the anomalousdust detected towards HD 204827 and HD 210072 is not unique to thoselines of sight but occurs generally in that region of the sky. The dustis apparently associated with the Trumpler 37 cluster, which forms thecenter of Cepheus OB2. This is a complex region of star formation wherethe evolution of dust grains through shock waves could be consideredlikely. A supernova in a slightly older star-forming region of Cep OB2located next to Trumpler 37 is a possible source of such a shock wave.
| Some characteristics of the young open cluster Trumpler 37.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976PASP...88..865G&db_key=AST
| Determination of size, color indices, and spectral classes of stars in an area centered on R.A.=21h24m, Dec=+58.5deg.
Not Available
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תצפית ומידע אסטרומטרי
| קבוצת-כוכבים: | קפיאוס |
| התרוממות ימנית: | 21h43m24.46s |
| סירוב: | +57°01'23.3" |
| גודל גלוי: | 8.896 |
| מרחק: | 1176.471 פארסק |
| תנועה נכונה: | -2.3 |
| תנועה נכונה: | -8.2 |
| B-T magnitude: | 9.171 |
| V-T magnitude: | 8.919 |
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