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Decay of Planetary Debris Disks
We report new Spitzer 24 μm photometry of 76 main-sequence A-typestars. We combine these results with previously reported Spitzer 24μm data and 24 and 25 μm photometry from the Infrared SpaceObservatory and the Infrared Astronomy Satellite. The result is a sampleof 266 stars with mass close to 2.5 Msolar, all detected toat least the ~7 σ level relative to their photospheric emission.We culled ages for the entire sample from the literature and/orestimated them using the H-R diagram and isochrones; they range from 5to 850 Myr. We identified excess thermal emission using an internallyderived K-24 (or 25) μm photospheric color and then compared allstars in the sample to that color. Because we have excluded stars withstrong emission lines or extended emission (associated with nearbyinterstellar gas), these excesses are likely to be generated by debrisdisks. Younger stars in the sample exhibit excess thermal emission morefrequently and with higher fractional excess than do the older stars.However, as many as 50% of the younger stars do not show excessemission. The decline in the magnitude of excess emission, for thosestars that show it, has a roughly t0/time dependence, witht0~150 Myr. If anything, stars in binary systems (includingAlgol-type stars) and λ Boo stars show less excess emission thanthe other members of the sample. Our results indicate that (1) there issubstantial variety among debris disks, including that a significantnumber of stars emerge from the protoplanetary stage of evolution withlittle remaining disk in the 10-60 AU region and (2) in addition, it islikely that much of the dust we detect is generated episodically bycollisions of large planetesimals during the planet accretion end game,and that individual events often dominate the radiometric properties ofa debris system. This latter behavior agrees generally with what we knowabout the evolution of the solar system, and also with theoreticalmodels of planetary system formation.
| Is Praesepe really different from the coeval Hyades cluster? The XMM-Newton view
The Praesepe open cluster represents a puzzle since it has about thesame age as the Hyades, and only slightly different metallicity, yetprevious ROSAT observations resulted in a detection rate of clustersources significantly lower than for the Hyades. We present a new 50ksec observation of Praesepe performed with the EPIC instrument on boardXMM-Newton, which resulted in the detection of ~ 200 sources, including48 cluster members. We detected all solar-type (F-G) stars in the fieldof view, ~ 90% of the K stars and ~ 70% of the M stars. We find thatthe distribution of X-ray luminosities of solar-type Praesepe members iscomparable to that of the Hyades, in contrast with the previous ROSATresults; however, the disagreement between the ROSAT and XMM-Newtonresults appears to be mostly due to X-ray faint Praesepe members fallingoutside the XMM-Newton field of view, while it is considerably reducedwhen considering only the subsample of stars in the ROSAT survey incommon with the present observation. The finding supports an earliersuggestion that Praesepe may be formed by two merged clusters ofdifferent age.
| Rotational velocities of A-type stars in the northern hemisphere. II. Measurement of v sin i
This work is the second part of the set of measurements of v sin i forA-type stars, begun by Royer et al. (\cite{Ror_02a}). Spectra of 249 B8to F2-type stars brighter than V=7 have been collected at Observatoirede Haute-Provence (OHP). Fourier transforms of several line profiles inthe range 4200-4600 Å are used to derive v sin i from thefrequency of the first zero. Statistical analysis of the sampleindicates that measurement error mainly depends on v sin i and thisrelative error of the rotational velocity is found to be about 5% onaverage. The systematic shift with respect to standard values fromSlettebak et al. (\cite{Slk_75}), previously found in the first paper,is here confirmed. Comparisons with data from the literature agree withour findings: v sin i values from Slettebak et al. are underestimatedand the relation between both scales follows a linear law ensuremath vsin inew = 1.03 v sin iold+7.7. Finally, thesedata are combined with those from the previous paper (Royer et al.\cite{Ror_02a}), together with the catalogue of Abt & Morrell(\cite{AbtMol95}). The resulting sample includes some 2150 stars withhomogenized rotational velocities. Based on observations made atObservatoire de Haute Provence (CNRS), France. Tables \ref{results} and\ref{merging} are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.125.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/393/897
| Astrometric radial velocities. III. Hipparcos measurements of nearby star clusters and associations
Radial motions of stars in nearby moving clusters are determined fromaccurate proper motions and trigonometric parallaxes, without any use ofspectroscopy. Assuming that cluster members share the same velocityvector (apart from a random dispersion), we apply a maximum-likelihoodmethod on astrometric data from Hipparcos to compute radial and spacevelocities (and their dispersions) in the Ursa Major, Hyades, ComaBerenices, Pleiades, and Praesepe clusters, and for theScorpius-Centaurus, alpha Persei, and ``HIP 98321'' associations. Theradial motion of the Hyades cluster is determined to within 0.4 kms-1 (standard error), and that of its individual stars towithin 0.6 km s-1. For other clusters, Hipparcos data yieldastrometric radial velocities with typical accuracies of a few kms-1. A comparison of these astrometric values withspectroscopic radial velocities in the literature shows a good generalagreement and, in the case of the best-determined Hyades cluster, alsopermits searches for subtle astrophysical differences, such as evidencefor enhanced convective blueshifts of F-dwarf spectra, and decreasedgravitational redshifts in giants. Similar comparisons for the ScorpiusOB2 complex indicate some expansion of its associations, albeit slowerthan expected from their ages. As a by-product from the radial-velocitysolutions, kinematically improved parallaxes for individual stars areobtained, enabling Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams with unprecedentedaccuracy in luminosity. For the Hyades (parallax accuracy 0.3 mas), itsmain sequence resembles a thin line, possibly with wiggles in it.Although this main sequence has underpopulated regions at certaincolours (previously suggested to be ``Böhm-Vitense gaps''), suchare not visible for other clusters, and are probably spurious. Futurespace astrometry missions carry a great potential for absoluteradial-velocity determinations, insensitive to the complexities ofstellar spectra. Based on observations by the ESA Hipparcos satellite.Extended versions of Tables \ref{tab1} and \ref{tab2} are available inelectronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr(130.79.125.8) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/381/446
| Binarity of Am stars in Praesepe and Hyades
CORAVEL radial-velocity observations of Am stars in the Hyades andPraesepe have allowed the determination of orbital elements for 10spectroscopic binaries, among which 3 are first determinations. One Amstar (KW 40) is found to be a well hierarchisedtriple system. KW 538 has a rather long period (435days) for an Am star. Orbits of systems with periods shorter than 8.5days are circularized, or present eccentricities smaller than 0.04. For19 Am stars, the number of quadruple-, triple-, double-, single systemsis 1:2:14(10+4?):(2?). The Am stars in a (beta , B-V) diagram clearlystand away by 0.03 mag from the sequence defined by normal main-sequencestars. This diagram could be a powerful method to identify Am stars inmore distant open clusters, provided there is no differential reddening.In the colour-magnitude diagram (M_V, beta ), double-lined binaries are0.6 - 0.7 mag above the ZAMS as expected, while most single-lined areclose to or on the ZAMS because the secondary does not contribute muchlight. The absence of X-ray detection of 4 systems in the Hyades is anargument for the presence of a white dwarf secondary. based onobservations collected at the Haute-Provence Observatory(France)}\fnmsep \thanks{Table~2 is available only in electronic form atCDS by ftp at 130.79.128.5 or on the Web athttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/CDS.html
| Binaries in the Praesepe and Coma Star Clusters and Their Implications for Binary Evolution
This completes a study of the evolution of binary systems in five openclusters of various ages. Among 21 stars observed in Praesepe, eight arefound or confirmed to be spectroscopic binaries and orbital elements arederived, while one more shows long-term binary motion. Among 18 starsobserved in the Coma Berenices cluster, five are found or confirmed tobe spectroscopic binaries and orbital elements are derived, while asixth has tentative elements. Among five clusters studied we searchedfor three expected evolutionary effects, namely an increase with age inthe mass ratios, a decrease with age of the binary periods, and anincrease in binary frequencies. We find that there is a progression (atthe 3 sigma level) from no binaries out of 10 with mass ratios greaterthan 0.5 in the youngest cluster (combined with the published resultsfor NGC 6193) to 25% such stars in the intermediate-age clusters to 43%such stars in these two oldest clusters. There is no evidence for anincrease in short-period binaries with age. And there is slight evidence(at the 1 sigma level) for an increase with age from 15% to 28% in thefraction of large-amplitude binaries. These results are mostlyconsistent with the idea that most binaries are formed or modified inthree-body interactions, and successive generations of formation anddisruptions tend to form binaries with larger mass ratios. However, partof the initial generation of binaries is probably primordial.
| Open clusters with Hipparcos. I. Mean astrometric parameters
New memberships, mean parallaxes and proper motions of all 9 openclusters closer than 300 pc (except the Hyades) and 9rich clusters between 300 and 500 pc have been computed using Hipparcosdata. Precisions, ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 mas for parallaxes and 0.1 to0.5 mas/yr for proper motions, are of great interest for calibratingphotometric parallaxes as well as for kinematical studies. Carefulinvestigations of possible biases have been performed and no evidence ofsignificant systematic errors on the mean cluster parallaxes has beenfound. The distances and proper motions of 32 more distant clusters,which may be used statistically, are also indicated. Based onobservations made with the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite
| The Age Range of Hyades Stars
On the basis of canonical models, the age of Hyades supercluster stars,whether in the Hyades and Praesepe clusters or the noncluster field,ranges from (5-6) x 10^8 to 10^9 yr. The difference between the parallaxderived from the supercluster motion and that obtained from Hipparcosobservations has a dispersion only twice that of the mean dispersion ofthe individual Hipparcos values. The supercluster appears not to containred giants on the first ascent of the red giant branch, but onlyasymptotic giant branch (``clump'') stars. The masses obtained forindividual components of binary stars in the supercluster show adispersion of less than 10% when compared with model predictions.
| The Praesepe open cluster: abundances of Li, Al, Si, S, Fe, Ni, and EU in A stars.
In the second of a series of papers on the A stars in open clusters, thePraesepe cluster is investigated; in the first paper, it was thePleiades. Ten A Praesepe stars were observed with theCanada-France-Hawaii telescope at high spectral resolution and highsignal-to-noise ratios. Photospheric abundances of the sample, which hasturned out to be composed exclusively with Am stars, have beendetermined for Li, Al, Si, S, Fe, Ni, and Eu from model atmosphereabundance analysis. The A stars of Praesepe are well advanced in theMain Sequence evolution: several of the observed stars are in theturn-off (and one is a blue straggler). The Li abundance in Am stars isthe same as in non-evolved Praesepe F stars on the hot side of the Lidip, and Fe is twice its original value as given by Praesepe F stars.The abundances of the studied elements were found remarkably uniform inthe cluster over a large range of T_eff, i.e., for various structureenvelopes and evolution. Surface abundances of Li and Fe remainunchanged in Am stars at both ages of the Pleiades and Praesepeclusters. The Li results for the Am stars challenge predictions fromevolutionary model envelopes in the framework of a diffusion-dominantdescription. Based on observations collected at the Canada-France-Hawaiitelescope (Hawaii)
| Evolution of mass segregation in open clusters: some observational evidences
On the basis of the best available member list and duplicityinformation, we have studied the radial structure of Praesepe and of thevery young open cluster NGC 6231. We have found mass segregation amongthe cluster members and between binaries and single stars, which isexplained by the greater average mass of the multiple systems. However,the degree of mass segregation for stars between 1.5 and 2.3 M_sun isless pronounced in Praesepe than in the Pleiades. Furthermore, masssegregation is already present in the very young open cluster NGC 6231although this cluster is likely still not dynamically relaxed. Wediscuss the implications of these results and propose a qualitativescenario for the evolution of mass segregation in open clusters. InPraesepe the mass function of single stars and primaries appears to besignificantly different, like in the Pleiades. We observe an absence ofellipticity of the outer part of Praesepe. Tables 2 and 3 are availableonly in electronic form from the Strasbourg ftp server at 130.79.128.5
| Spectrophotometry of 237 Stars in 7 Open Clusters
Spectrophotometry is presented for 237 stars in 7 nearby open clusters:Hyades, Pleiades, Alpha Persei, Praesepe, Coma Berenices, IC 4665, andM39. The observations were taken by Lee McDonald and David Bursteinusing the Wampler single-channel scanner on the Crossley 0.9m telescopeat Lick Observatory from July 1973 through December 1974. Sixteenbandpasses spanning the spectral range 3500 Angstroms to 7780 Angstromswere observed for each star, with bandwidths 32Angstroms, 48 Angstromsor 64 Angstroms. Data are standardized to the Hayes-Latham system tomutual accuracy of 0.016 mag per passband. The accuracy of thespectrophotometry is assessed in three ways on a star-by-star basis.First, comparisons are made with previously published spectrophotometryfor 19 stars observed in common. Second, (B-V) colors and uvby colorsare compared for 236 stars and 221 stars, respectively. Finally,comparsions are made for 200 main sequence stars to the spectralsynthesis models of Kurucz, fixing log g = 4.0 and [Fe/H] = 0.0, andonly varying effective temperature. The accuracy of tests using uvbycolors and the Kurucz models are shown to track each other closely,yielding an accuracy estimate (1 sigma ) of 0.01 mag for the 13 colorsformed from bandpasses longward of the Balmer jump, and 0.02 mag for the3 colors formed from the three bandpasses below the Balmer jump. Incontrast, larger scatter is found relative to the previously publishedspectrophotometry of Bohm-Vitense & Johnson (16 stars in common) andGunn & Stryker (3 stars). We also show that the scatter in the fitsof the spectrophotometric colors and the uvby filter colors is areasonable way to identify the observations of which specific stars areaccurate to 1 sigma , 2 sigma , .... As such, the residuals from boththe filter color fits and the Kurucz model fits are tabulated for eachstar where it was possible to make a comparison, so users of these datacan choose stars according to the accuracy of the data that isappropriate to their needs. The very good agreement between the modelsand these data verifies the accuracy of these data, and also verifiesthe usefulness of the Kurucz models to define spectrophotometry forstars in this temperature range (>5000 K). These data define accuratespectrophotometry of bright, open cluster stars that can be used as asecondary flux calibration for CCD-based spectrophotometric surveys.
| A Method for Improved Visual Postional Estimates of Nova and Supernova Candidates
For a faint nova or for supernova candidates in crowded star fields,accurate reporting of their locations is essential. With a modest-sizedtelescope, a reticle eyepiece, a good star catalogue, and a pair ofreference stars, positional estimates accurate to a few arcseconds arepossible using a technique adapted from photography. The uncertainty inthe position can be quantified if three or more reference stars areused.
| UBVRI Standard Stars at Northern Declinations
Accurate values of V, B--V and U--B are given 123 stars of magnitudesfrom 6 to 11 at high northern declinations. For 36 stars also V--R andR--I color indices are given.
| The Relation between Rotational Velocities and Spectral Peculiarities among A-Type Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995ApJS...99..135A&db_key=AST
| A study of some stars with circumstellar dust envelopes. I
We present the results of a study of circumstellar dust envelopes of 36stars of early(O-B-A) types in the directions of the associations CasOB1, Cas OB2, Per OB1, and Ori OB1. We determine the absorption at 1640Å, the linear radius of the dust envelopes, the mean value of thecoefficient k, and the masses of the envelopes. They differsignificantly from one another.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| High-precision study of proper motions and membership of 924 stars in the central region of Praesepe.
High-precision proper motions for 257 and 296 stars in a 90'x90' regioncentered on BD+20 2170 were obtained from seven plates taken with the40cm refractor (f=6895mm) at Zo-Se station of Shanghai Observatory withsix AC plates and the stellar positions in Russell's (1976) catalogue,respectively. Combining with the data given by Klein-Wassink (1927),Jones (1971), Artyukhina (1971), and Jones & Cudworth (1983), theseproper motions give a sample of 924 stars in the region mentioned above.With membership probabilities estimated by an improved maximumlikelihood method, a very good sample of 198 members is obtained withproper motion accuracies ranging from +/-0.2 to +/-5.0mas/yr, of which60 per cent are better than +/-1.0mas/yr, and the completeness nearlydown to B=15.5.
| A new list of effective temperatures of chemically peculiar stars. II.
Not Available
| On the sytematic accuracy of the equatorial UBVRI standard stars
The considerable systematic difference in B-V between northern andsouthern measurements of the equatorial UBVRI standard stars arestudied. It is found that the northern data (Landolt 1983) are muchcloser to the original UBV system than the southern ones. The situationis less clear in the case of V and U-B.
| ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. IX - A duplicity survey of the Pleiades, Praesepe, and IC 4665 clusters
Multiplicity of stars within clusters is a well-studied phenomenon.However, recent survey work done on the Hyades by Mason et al. (1993)would seem to indicate that even in the most often studied clusters,there may be binaries yet undiscovered. In order to expand the sample ofcluster binaries with potentially short-period visual orbits, a specklesurvey of 45 Pleiades, 54 Praesepe, and 22 IC 4665 bright stars (V isless than 10) for possible multiplicity was conducted at the KPNO 4 mMayall telescope between 1987 October and 1991 November. Of these, threenew binaries have been discovered: one in the Pleiades where the newcomponent may be spectroscopic, another in Praesepe which has beenconfirmed from examinations of archival observations and also has beenresolved by occultation, and the third in IC 4665. Continued study ofthese new binary stars could further refine the cluster distance modulias well as the cluster mass-luminosity relations.
| UBV photometry of stars whose positions are accurately known. VII
Attention is given to UBV photometry for about 100 equatorial andsouthern stars of the faint extension of the FK5 catalog whichpreviously lacked accurate V photometry. The observations were performedwith the 60-cm Cassegrain telescope of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences at La Palma, Canary Islands, during February-March andAugust-September 1992. Extinction coefficients were derived, separatelyfor every night, for the V magnitude as well as for the colors.
| Liste des étoiles Ap et Am dans les amas ouverts (édition révisée)
Not Available
| Washington photometry of open cluster giants - Nine old disk clusters in the third Galactic quadrant
Washington photoelectric photometry for 136 stars in nine old openclusters is presented and used to determine the luminosity class, T(e),and metallicity. The virtually unstudied cluster NGC 2324 is found tohave a metallicity one tenth that of the sun, as is the cluster NGC 2660for which previous estimates have ranged from about +0.1 to -0.5. Athird cluster, NGC 3960, with a Galactocentric distance of only 8 kpc,is found to have a metallicity of -0.7, also substantially lower thanpublished values. Such clusters indicate that substantial scatteractually exists in the tight relation found by Friel and Janes (1992)between the metallicity of an open cluster and its currentGalactocentric distance. Outer disk clusters have a metallicity at agiven age that is much more like that of the LMC counterparts than thatof solar neighborhood disk field stars or clusters.
| J 2000.0 positions and proper motions of 257 stars in the central part of the Praesepe astrometric standard region
Data are presented on the J2000.0 positions and proper motions of 257stars in the central 1.5 deg x 1.5 deg area of the Praesepe astrometricstandard region. These data obtained with accuracies of 0.005-0.10arcsec for the positions in each direction and 0.0002-0.006 arcsec/yrfor the proper motions in each direction. The list includes stars forwhich proper motions were not given in the Russell (1976) catalog.
| Early type high-velocity stars in the solar neighborhood. IV - Four-color and H-beta photometry
Results are presented from photometric obaservations in the Stromgrenuvby four-color and H-beta systems of early-type high-velocity stars inthe solar neighborhood. Several types of photometrically peculiar starsare selected on the basis of their Stromgren indices and areprovisionally identified as peculiar A stars, field horizontal-branchstars, metal-poor stars near the Population II and old-disk turnoffs,metal-poor blue stragglers, or metallic-line A stars. Numerousphotometrically normal stars were also found.
| Close binaries observed polarimetrically
Not Available
| Liste des étoiles Ap et Am dans les amas ouverts (Edition révisée)
Not Available
| The late A-type stars - Refined MK classification, confrontation with Stromgren photometry, and the effects of rotation
The MK spectral classification for late A-type stars is refined and theeffects of rotation of spectral classification and uvby(beta) photometryfor these stars are examined. It is found that, for A3 stars, the4417/4481 A wavelength ratio produces results that are inconsistent withthe Stark broadening of the H lines. It is suggested that this ratio isnot useful as a luminosity criterion at any spectral type.Self-consistent sequences of narrow- and broadline standards areestablished. The results of the refined classification system arecompared with Stromgren photometry, showing a set of low-v sin i A-typestars with anomalously large delta(c1) indices for theirluminosity types. It is proposed that these stars are rapid rotatorsseen at fairly low inclination angles.
| Lunar occultations of Praesepe. II - Massachusetts
The paper reports the observations of 18 occultation events involving 11members of the Praesepe cluster using three different telescopes (1.58and 0.4 m, Oak Ridge Observatory; 0.6 m, Wallace Observatory) during theApril 3, 1982 (UT) lunar passage. One object, KW 284 (HD 73712), wasconfirmed to be a relatively wide double, and another, KW 212 (HD73598), a previously discovered occultation binary (Peterson and White1984), was recovered.
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Datos observacionales y astrométricos
| Constelación: | Cangrejo |
| Ascensión Recta: | 08h40m27.00s |
| Declinación: | +19°32'42.0" |
| Magnitud Aparente: | 6.3 |
| Distancia: | 168.067 parsecs |
| Movimiento Propio en Ascensión Recta: | -33.5 |
| Movimiento Propio en Declinación: | -13.7 |
| B-T magnitude: | 6.487 |
| V-T magnitude: | 6.284 |
Catálogos y designaciones:
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