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Observing the Dark Matter Density Profile of Isolated Galaxies
Using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we probe the halo massdistribution by studying the velocities of satellites orbiting isolatedgalaxies. In a subsample that covers 2500 deg2 on the sky, wedetect about 3000 satellites with absolute blue magnitudes going down toMB=-14; most of the satellites have MB=-16 to -18,comparable to the magnitudes of M32 and the Magellanic Clouds. After acareful, model-independent removal of interlopers, we find that theline-of-sight velocity dispersion of satellites declines with distanceto the primary. For an L* galaxy the rms line-of-sightvelocity changes from ~120 km s-1 at 20 kpc to ~60 kms-1 at 350 kpc. This decline agrees remarkably well withtheoretical expectations, as all modern cosmological models predict thatthe density of dark matter in the peripheral parts of galaxies declinesas ρDM~r-3. Thus, for the first time we finddirect observational evidence of the density decline predicted bycosmological models; we also note that this result contradictsalternative theories of gravity such as modified Newtonian dynamics(MOND). We also find that the velocity dispersion of satellites within100 kpc scales with the absolute magnitude of the central galaxy asσ~L0.3 this is very close to the Tully-Fisher relationfor normal spiral galaxies.
| The UZC-SSRS2 Group Catalog
We apply a friends-of-friends algorithm to the combined Updated ZwickyCatalog and Southern Sky Redshift Survey to construct a catalog of 1168groups of galaxies; 411 of these groups have five or more members withinthe redshift survey. The group catalog covers 4.69 sr, and all groupsexceed the number density contrast threshold, δρ/ρ=80. Wedemonstrate that the groups catalog is homogeneous across the twounderlying redshift surveys; the catalog of groups and their membersthus provides a basis for other statistical studies of the large-scaledistribution of groups and their physical properties. The medianphysical properties of the groups are similar to those for groupsderived from independent surveys, including the ESO Key Programme andthe Las Campanas Redshift Survey. We include tables of groups and theirmembers.
| The Updated Zwicky Catalog (UZC)
The Zwicky Catalog of galaxies (ZC), with m_Zw<=15.5, has been thebasis for the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) redshift surveys. To date,analyses of the ZC and redshift surveys based on it have relied onheterogeneous sets of galaxy coordinates and redshifts. Here we correctsome of the inadequacies of previous catalogs by providing (1)coordinates with <~2" errors for all of the 19,369 catalog galaxies,(2) homogeneously estimated redshifts for the majority (98%) of the datataken at the CfA (14,632 spectra), and (3) an estimate of the remaining``blunder'' rate for both the CfA redshifts and for those compiled fromthe literature. For the reanalyzed CfA data we include a calibrated,uniformly determined error and an indication of the presence of emissionlines in each spectrum. We provide redshifts for 7257 galaxies in theCfA2 redshift survey not previously published; for another 5625 CfAredshifts we list the remeasured or uniformly rereduced value. Among ournew measurements, 1807 are members of UZC ``multiplets'' associated withthe original Zwicky catalog position in the coordinate range where thecatalog is 98% complete. These multiplets provide new candidates forexamination of tidal interactions among galaxies. All of the newredshifts correspond to UZC galaxies with properties recorded in the CfAredshift compilation known as ZCAT. About 1000 of our new measurementswere motivated either by inadequate signal-to-noise in the originalspectrum or by an ambiguous identification of the galaxy associated witha ZCAT redshift. The redshift catalog we include here is ~96% completeto m_Zw<=15.5 and ~98% complete (12,925 galaxies out of a total of13,150) for the right ascension ranges 20^h>=alpha_1950<=4^h and8^h>=alpha_1950<=17^h and declination range-2.5d<=delta_1950<=50^deg. This more complete region includes allof the CfA2 survey as analyzed to date. The Great Wall structurepersists throughout the northern survey region. Dedicated to the memoryof Jim Peters, whose friendship, skill, and dedication were essential tothis work.
| An image database. II. Catalogue between δ=-30deg and δ=70deg.
A preliminary list of 68.040 galaxies was built from extraction of35.841 digitized images of the Palomar Sky Survey (Paper I). For eachgalaxy, the basic parameters are obtained: coordinates, diameter, axisratio, total magnitude, position angle. On this preliminary list, weapply severe selection rules to get a catalog of 28.000 galaxies, wellidentified and well documented. For each parameter, a comparison is madewith standard measurements. The accuracy of the raw photometricparameters is quite good despite of the simplicity of the method.Without any local correction, the standard error on the total magnitudeis about 0.5 magnitude up to a total magnitude of B_T_=17. Significantsecondary effects are detected concerning the magnitudes: distance toplate center effect and air-mass effect.
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